Beta-Blockers of Adrenaline Glucagon LIFE-saver via LOVE aka beta-receptor LOVE-transmitters ... so now to help LOVE be free ...HOW ?

"Every Day And In Every Way I Am Getting Better And Better" ...
.
.
.
"... There is such a thing as perfection... and our purpose for living is to find that perfection and show it forth. Each of Us is in truth an unlimited idea of freedom. Every thing that limits Us, We have to put aside ..." [Jonathan Livingston SEAGULL]


Effects of extended-release Beta-BLOCKERS i...[Lancet. 2008] - PubMed Result
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479744

Lancet. 2008 May 31;371(9627):1839-47. Epub 2008 May 12. Links

Effects of extended-release Beta-BLOCKERS ... metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial.

POISE Study Group, Devereaux PJ, Yang H, Yusuf S, Guyatt G, Leslie K, Villar JC, Xavier D, Chrolavicius S, Greenspan L, Pogue J, Pais P, Liu L, Xu S, Málaga G, Avezum A, Chan M, Montori VM, Jacka M, Choi P.

Collaborators (366)

Devereaux PJ, Yang H, Yusuf S, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ, Yang H, Yusuf S, Guyatt G, Chrolavicius S, Pogue J, Leslie K, Villar JC, Xavier D, Greenspan L, Lisheng L, Xu S, Málaga G, Avezum A, Jacka M, Choi P, Guyatt G, Berwanger O, Chan M, Chauret D, Faroughi N, Fodor G, Gilbert K, Hudson RJ, Held C, Ibarra P, Kashfi A, Keltai M, Laine M, Lanthier L, Montori VM, Panju A, Gallacher L, Lawrence M, Mead A, Rodrigues T, Dagenais G, Cheng D, Lowenstein E, Roberts RS, Ciapponi A, Garcia Dieguez M, Leslie K, Avezum A, Berwanger O, Hudson RJ, Jacka M, Schricker T, Warriner B, Liu L, Xu S, Villar JC, Tristan M, Baidel Y, Salazar A, Espinel M, Zevallos JC, Keltai M, Faller J, Pais P, Xavier D, Andrade SI, Raeder J, Málaga G, Alonso-Coello P, Urrutia G, Gannedahl P, Phrommintikul A, Foëx P, Giles J, Sear J, Goldman L, Caccavo RA, Ferrari A, Nicolosi LN, Sierra F, Tesolin P, Barratt S, Beilby D, Bolsin S, Boyd D, Bugler S, Cope L, Douglas J, Fatovich S, Grant J, Halliwell R, Kerridge RK, Leslie K, Love J, March S, McCulloch TJ, Myles PS, Paech M, Peyton P, Poole C, Poustie S, Priestly M, Reeves M, Wallace S, Weitkamp B, Wolfers D, Baptista M, do Amara Baruzzi AC, Blacher C, Bodanese LC, Campos de Albuquerque D, Esteves JP, França Neto OR, Guiselli Gallina LE, Izukawa NM, Kallas FC, Kerr Saraiva JF, Marin-Neto JA, Nigro Maia L, Penha Rosateli PH, Rabello R, Schammass Ducatti T, Aggarwala R, Argibay-Poliquin E, Badner N, Baer C, Beattie WS, Bednarowski M, Bertozzi HA, Boisvenu G, Boulton A, Brunet D, Bryson GL, Burlingham J, Campeau J, Chauret D, Choi P, Cook D, Cook DR, Cossette P, Crossan M, Davies B, Devereaux PJ, DeWolfe J, Doig G, Duffy P, Eng MS, Finlay S, Finlayson A, Gallacher J, Ghali W, Gilbert K, Hughes D, Hunter L, Jacka MJ, Kamra C, Khurana M, Kinsella C, Lanthier L, Lee TW, Lovell M, MacDonald C, MacDonald P, Marquis M, Marti J, Martinek R, Merchant RN, Misterski J, Mizera R, Moor R, Morin J, O'Reilly M, Ostrander J, Parlow JL, Paul J, Pettit S, Pilon D, Pruneau G, Rammohan S, Schricker T, Sivakumaran S, Sonnema L, Stoger S, Thompson C, Tod D, Toner S, Turabian M, Twist D, Urbanowicz C, van Vlymen JM, Warriner B, Wijeysundera DN, Wong DT, Yang H, Zarnke K, Chang J, Chen KK, Chen W, Chen WZ, Cui JY, Deng LL, Ge XL, Hu WJ, Li HY, Li XS, Li Z, Liu HL, Liu LH, Liu X, Liu XY, Liu YD, Lv BN, Ren FX, Suo XX, Tang L, Wang H, Wang QY, Wei GW, Wu SB, Wu XM, Wu ZD, Xiao R, Xu YF, Xu X, Zan ZX, Zhang L, Zhang WH, Zhao SH, Zhao WD, Zou YC, Zuo MZ, R A, Alvarez S, Arrieta M, Barrera JG, Cáceres LE, Cañón W, Castellanos H, Chaparro MS, Chaves A, Chona J, Duarte E, Garcia HF, Guevara C, Ibarra P, Manrique J, Martinez LX, Mateus L, Parra SB, Pava LF, Perafán PE, Plata R, Rangel GW, Rojas M, Romero MF, Romero T, Ruiz J, Torres GF, Mellada Herrera JA, Palomino Cabrera E, Caballero H, Sanchez Velez M, Cruz T, Rodriguez V, Hynynen M, Leino K, Chan MT, Choi GY, Gin T, Yu SC, Darvas K, Entz L, Hajdu Z, Keleti G, Nagy A, Peter S, Regoly-Merei J, Abraham V, Afzal L, Agarwal S, Panwar RB, Bharani A, Chidambaram N, Desai S, Girija KR, Gupta R, Kaur SG, Haridas KK, Jerry N, Kerkar P, Kilpadi K, Mohanan PP, Naik S, Swamy AG, Parakh R, Paul SK, Pinjala R, Panwar VR, Kumar PR, Raju VA, Ramakrishna P, Ramana PV, Ramanathan M, Devi TR, Ramdas EK, Saraf JK, Sigamani A, Singh R, Srivastava OP, Suresh KR, Swami A, Varma S, Xavier F, Yadav A, Noor MY, Hassan J, Hian NS, Pilus I, Wang CY, Islas-Andrade S, Mora Martinez JM, Orta Flores R, Tamez Perez HE, Chan B, McAllister-Sim D, Vinnell T, Walker S, Young Y, Aasbø V, Mellin-Olsen J, Raeder J, Aguirre R, Aphang-Lam M, Arrunategui B, Baca L, Botazzi Alvarez R, Calmett D, Coloma E, Malaga G, Ponce de Leon D, Rojas Pareja JG, Sihuayro Ancco AM, Soto Tarazona A, Tupayachi G, Kelly RP, Alvarez Zurro C, Blanc Saizar G, Cruz Pardos P, de Nadal Clanchet M, Fernandez Riveira C, Martiez Borja M, Mases Fernández A, Moral Garcia V, Toran Garcia L, Unceta-Barrenechea Orue B, Hörnquist R, Hörnquist R, Malmstedt J, Rosell J, Vimláti L, Kuanprasert S, Rerkkasem K, Foëx P, Giles J, Howard-Alpe G, Sear J.

McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Room 2C8, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.

philipj@mcmaster.ca

BACKGROUND: Trials of beta blockers in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery have reported conflicting results. This randomised controlled trial, done in 190 hospitals in 23 countries, was designed to investigate the effects of perioperative beta blockers.

METHODS: We randomly assigned 8351 patients with, or at risk of, atherosclerotic disease who were undergoing non-cardiac surgery to receive extended-release metoprolol succinate (n=4174) or placebo (n=4177), by a computerised randomisation phone service.

Study treatment was started 2-4 h before surgery and continued for 30 days.

Patients, health-care providers, data collectors, and outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation.

The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal cardiac arrest. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00182039.

FINDINGS: All 8351 patients were included in analyses; 8331 (99.8%) patients completed the 30-day follow-up.

Fewer patients in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group reached the primary endpoint (244 [5.8%] patients in the metoprolol group vs 290 [6.9%] in the placebo group; hazard ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99; p=0.0399).

Fewer patients in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group had a myocardial infarction (176 [4.2%] vs 239 [5.7%] patients; 0.73, 0.60-0.89; p=0.0017).

However, there were more deaths in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group (129 [3.1%] vs 97 [2.3%] patients; 1.33, 1.03-1.74; p=0.0317). More patients in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group had a stroke (41 [1.0%] vs 19 [0.5%] patients; 2.17, 1.26-3.74; p=0.0053).

INTERPRETATION: Our results highlight the risk in assuming a perioperative beta-blocker regimen has benefit without substantial harm, and the importance and need for large randomised trials in the perioperative setting. Patients are unlikely to accept the risks associated with perioperative extended-release metoprolol.

Related Articles

• Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. [Lancet. 2005]
• Effect of perioperative beta blockade in patients with diabetes undergoing major non-cardiac surgery: randomised placebo controlled, blinded multicentre trial. [BMJ. 2006]
• Effects of succinobucol (AGI-1067) after an acute coronary syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. [Lancet. 2008]
• Rationale, design, and organization of the PeriOperative ISchemic Evaluation (POISE) trial: a randomized controlled trial of metoprolol versus placebo in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. [Am Heart J. 2006]
• The effects of perioperative beta-blockade: results of the Metoprolol after Vascular Surgery (MaVS) study, a randomized controlled trial. [Am Heart J. 2006]
• » See all Related Articles...

Patient Drug Information

• Metoprolol (Lopressor®, Toprol XL®, Lopressor® HCT) Metoprolol is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. It also is used to prevent angina (chest 'WARNING' pain) and to treat heart attacks. Extended-release (long-acting) metoprolol also is...
  » read more ...

http://articles.MERCOLA.cOM/sites/articles/archive/2008/06/07/more-drugs-that-kill-you.aspx?source=nl

More Drugs That Kill Us

People who receive blood-pressure-lowering drugs known as beta blockers shortly before, and after, having non-cardiac surgery are at higher risk of dying or having a stroke. Surgery increases your heart's need for oxygen, and beta blockers are commonly given to help reduce blood pressure and heart rate, thereby reducing strain [AKA 'FUEL CONSUMPTION'] on the heart. In the study of over 8,300 people, participants were randomly assigned to receive a beta blocker two to four hours before surgery, as well as for 30 days after the procedure, or a placebo. Compared to those given a placebo, those who received beta blockers were 27 percent less likely to have a heart attack. However, they also had a 33 percent increased risk of dying, and double the risk of stroke [IE WHEN 'DISTRESSED']. An estimated 100 million people have major non-cardiac surgery each year, so the finding could have serious consequences. Even if only 10 percent of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery were given beta blockers, that would mean that 800,000 people died unnecessarily in the past decade. Sources: ABC News May 14, 2008 The Lancet May 13, 2008 Dr. Mercola's Comments: Would you knowingly trade a slightly lower risk of heart attack for an increased risk of death and stroke? Neither would I. In fact, I doubt that anyone about to undergo surgery would want to take on those odds. Of course, if you enter a hospital for surgery, you’d be the rare exception if anyone actually explained to you the pros and cons of each pill they expected you to take. More realistically, you’re handed some pills and down the hatch they go, for better or for worse. Old Treatments Die Hard in Conventional Medicine And beta blockers are a great example of that. Beta blockers work by “blocking” the normally stimulating effects of the adrenaline hormone on your heart. They also slow your heart rate and reduce your heart’s need for oxygen when you exert yourself, which means your heart doesn’t have to work as hard. These drugs have been used for more than 30 years to treat high blood pressure, and they are recommended as the first line of defense in both the United States and international health guidelines. However, it’s being increasingly suggested that beta blockers are not a good choice for high blood pressure at all. Aside from often being ineffective, they’re known to cause an array of serious side effects including: Stroke Heart attack Type 2 diabetes Fatigue, dizziness and weakness Sexual dysfunction Slow heartbeat and shortness of breath Trouble sleeping One review published last year in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology even concluded that “there is a paucity of data or absence of evidence to support use of beta-blockers as … first-line agents [for high blood pressure].” And they continue: “Given the increased risk of stroke, their "pseudo-antihypertensive" efficacy … lack of effect on regression of target end organ effects … and numerous adverse effects, the risk benefit ratio for beta-blockers is not acceptable for this indication.” Despite this, they are still widely prescribed. In one six-month period in 2007 alone, more than 75 million prescriptions were written for beta blockers, according to data from IMS Health. High Blood Pressure Can be Treated Without Drugs The Harvard Health Letter even recently named high blood pressure as one of seven common conditions that can be managed without medication. It’s worth mentioning also to make sure your blood pressure really is high before you start worrying about it. Blood pressures are extremely variable, and all of the following can cause you to have a false high reading: Emotional stress Smoking Coffee Over-the-counter drugs containing caffeine Decongestants A cold room A full bladder Improper cuff size or arm position At least two readings should be taken at each doctor visit (separated by as much time as possible), and three individual sets of readings at least one week apart should be taken before you ever consider taking a blood-pressure-lowering drug. And even then, that should only be in extreme cases. For the vast majority of you, the following three tips will cause your high blood pressure to normalize quite quickly: 1. Limit grains and sugars in your diet. This will help to normalize your insulinleptin levels, which is essential for good blood pressure. In my experience this is one of the most common reasons why people have elevated blood pressures. High insulin levels tend to drive blood pressures up. and 2. Exercise regularly. In some cases, you may need to work your way up to one hour a day. This will also help to get your insulin and leptin levels where they need to be. 3. Manage the stress in your life. The Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) is a simple and inexpensive tool that can help you to do this. Related Articles: Placebo Lowers Blood Pressure in One-Third of Patients Why the Treatment of Hypertension has Become Such a Deplorable Fiasco Medicine's Dirty Little Secret